Tablet defects are deficiencies that are usually encountered in tablet formulation. Depending on experience, machinery and excipient used, produced or compressed tablets can develop certain…
Emulsions are liquid disperse systems consisting of at least two immiscible liquids (or two liquids that are saturated with each other), one of which is…
An emulsion is a dispersed system containing at least two immiscible (or partially miscible) liquid phases. The two phases of emulsions are stabilized by the…
As discussed in our article “Mixing of Pharmaceutical Powders in Small-Scale Operations”, trituration process involves direct rubbing or grinding of hard powder in a mortar…
Mixing of pharmaceutical powder is a unit operation that serves to make two or more components uniformly distributed in the powder bed. In most cases,…
Effervescent salts (sometimes called effervescent powders) are a special type of bulk powders or granules containing sodium bicarbonate, a suitable organic acid (citric or tartaric),…
Pharmaceutical suspensions are dispersion of particulate drug(s) in a liquid medium (usually aqueous) in which the drug is not readily soluble. Doses formulated as suspensions…
Suspensions are an important class of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The advantages of suspension dosage forms include effective dispensing/ administration of insoluble or poorly soluble drugs;…
Sweetening agents are excipients often added to pharmaceutical dosage forms to mask bitter taste of the partially dissolved drug and to improve palatability in general.…
Pharmaceutical excipients by definition are substances other than the prodrug or active pharmaceutical ingredient which are added in the manufacturing process or are contained in…
Liquid dosage forms in addition to drug substance also contain excipients which serve different and specialized pharmaceutical purposes in the formulation. These excipients in most…
Capsules are solid dosage forms in which the drug formulation in a powder, solution or suspension, a combination of miscible liquid, or a simple liquid…
Among solid dosage forms, the capsule is second only to the compressed tablet in frequency of utilization for drug delivery, and the hard shell capsule…
Soft gelatin capsules (sometimes referred to as softgels) consist of a hermetically sealed outer shell of gelatin that encloses a liquid or semisolid medicament in…
Soft gelatin capsules as defined in our previous “Soft Gelatin Capsules: Formulation and Manufacturing Considerations”, are hermetically sealed one-piece capsules containing a liquid or a…
Soft gelatin capsules, also known as softgels or soft elastic capsules, are hermetically sealed one-piece capsules containing a liquid or a semisolid fill without a…
Hard gelatin capsules also known as hard-shell gelatin capsules or two-piece capsules are solid dosage forms in which one or more medicinal agents and/or inert…
