Thursday, November 7, 2024

Pharmaceutical Technology

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Common Tablet Defects: Causes and Remedies

Tablet defects are deficiencies that are usually encountered in tablet formulation. Depending on experience, machinery and excipient used, produced or compressed tablets can develop certain…
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Types of Emulsions

Emulsions are liquid disperse systems consisting of at least two immiscible liquids (or two liquids that are saturated with each other), one of which is…
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Types of Emulsions

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Emulsions

An emulsion is a dispersed system containing at least two immiscible (or partially miscible) liquid phases. The two phases of emulsions are stabilized by the…
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Problems Encountered During Trituration and Possible Solutions

As discussed in our article “Mixing of Pharmaceutical Powders in Small-Scale Operations”, trituration process involves direct rubbing or grinding of hard powder in a mortar…
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Mechanisms Involved in the Mixing of Pharmaceutical Powders

Powder mixing is an operation that aims to treat two or more components, initially in an unmixed or partially mixed state, so that each unit…
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Mixing of Pharmaceutical Powders in Small-Scale Operations

Mixing of pharmaceutical powder is a unit operation that serves to make two or more components uniformly distributed in the powder bed. In most cases,…
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Effervescent Salts

Effervescent salts (sometimes called effervescent powders) are a special type of bulk powders or granules containing sodium bicarbonate, a suitable organic acid (citric or tartaric),…
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Effervescent Salts

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Advancements in Pharmaceutical Suspensions and Their Patents

Pharmaceutical suspensions are dispersion of particulate drug(s) in a liquid medium (usually aqueous) in which the drug is not readily soluble. Doses formulated as suspensions…
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Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Suspensions

Suspensions are an important class of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The advantages of suspension dosage forms include effective dispensing/ administration of insoluble or poorly soluble drugs;…
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Sweetening Agents Used In Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions

Sweetening agents are excipients often added to pharmaceutical dosage forms to mask bitter taste of the partially dissolved drug and to improve palatability in general.…
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Excipients Used in the Formulation of Pharmaceutical Suspensions

Pharmaceutical excipients by definition are substances other than the prodrug or active pharmaceutical ingredient which are added in the manufacturing process or are contained in…
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Excipients Used In the Formulation of Liquid Dosage Forms

Liquid dosage forms in addition to drug substance also contain excipients which serve different and specialized pharmaceutical purposes in the formulation. These excipients in most…
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Quality Control Tests for Capsule Drug Products

Capsules are solid dosage forms in which the drug formulation in a powder, solution or suspension, a combination of miscible liquid, or a simple liquid…
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Compendial Standards and Regulatory Requirements for Capsules

Among solid dosage forms, the capsule is second only to the compressed tablet in frequency of utilization for drug delivery, and the hard shell capsule…
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Soft Gelatin Capsules

Soft gelatin capsules (sometimes referred to as softgels) consist of a hermetically sealed outer shell of gelatin that encloses a liquid or semisolid medicament in…
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Manufacture of Soft Gelatin Capsules

Soft gelatin capsules as defined in our previous “Soft Gelatin Capsules: Formulation and Manufacturing Considerations”, are hermetically sealed one-piece capsules containing a liquid or a…
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Soft Gelatin Capsules: Formulation and Manufacturing Considerations

Soft gelatin capsules, also known as softgels or soft elastic capsules, are hermetically sealed one-piece capsules containing a liquid or a semisolid fill without a…
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Hard Gelatin Capsules

A hard gelatin capsule shell consists of two pieces: a cap and a body. The body has slightly lower diameter than the cap and fits…
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Manufacture of Hard Gelatin Capsule shells

Manufacture of Hard Gelatin Capsules

Hard gelatin capsules are solid dosage forms in which one or more drug substance and/or inert materials are enclosed within a small shell. They are…
Manufacture of Hard Gelatin Capsule shells
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Hard Gelatin Capsules: Formulation and Manufacturing Considerations

Hard gelatin capsules also known as hard-shell gelatin capsules or two-piece capsules are solid dosage forms in which one or more medicinal agents and/or inert…
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