Pharmacokinetics (PK) is a branch of pharmacology that studies, both mathematically and descriptively, how the body affects a drug after administration, through the processes of…
Nasal administration refers to the absorption of drugs across the nasal mucosa, i.e. not accessing to the respiratory tract. It is a form of administration…
Subcutaneous route of drug administration, also called hypodermic administration, involves injecting a drug into the loose connective tissue between the dermis of the skin and…
The intramuscular (IM) route of drug administration is a common route for parenteral injections. Many antibiotics, preoperative sedatives, and narcotics are administered intramuscularly. In intramuscular (IM) injections,…
Administering a drug through the intravenous (IV) route involves the introduction of a drug solution directly into the blood through the vein using a syringe…
The parenteral route (also referred to as injection route) is the fastest and the second commonest route of drug administration. The term parenteral is made…
The pulmonary or inhalational route of administration has been traditionally used for drug administration to the respiratory tract, in pathologies like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…
First pass effect, also known as first-pass metabolism or pre-systemic metabolism is the term used for hepatic metabolism of drug when absorbed and delivered through…
Oral administration of drugs is the most common and acceptable route for drug administration, especially for out-patients. When possible, oral route usually abbreviated as p.o.…
Several antihypertensive drugs with different sites and mechanisms of action are now available. Nevertheless, none can be said to be the ideal antihypertensive drug. Drug…
Drugs are substances that are used or intended to be used in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of diseases. In early times, these substances…
